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Jammu And Kashmir History |
Hello Friends,
Today we are going to know the history of Jammu and Kashmir.People say that there is heaven somewhere on earth, then it is Jammu and Kashmir. Very beautiful valleys, snow covered mountain peaks and the deep Dal Lake located in Srinagar tell the beauty of this place. And whenever there is talk of Kashmir, the topic of Article 370 and 35A definitely comes up. And also the name of Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir definitely comes up. The history of Kashmir has been very glorious since ancient times. Today we will read about the history of Kashmir and King Hari Singh through this article.
Jammu And Kashmir History:-
History Of Jammu And Kashmir:-
Jammu and Kashmir is an integral part of India. After independence, Jammu and Kashmir became a part of India for which one person is considered responsible. He is Hari Singh, the last king of Jammu and Kashmir. He took a historic decision on 26 October 1947, after which Kashmir became a part of India. After the partition of India and Pakistan, Kashmir became the main reason for enmity between the two countries. Jammu and Kashmir was the only princely state in India where the population was mostly Muslims. But the king of Jammu and Kashmir was a Hindu.
For a long time in history, Mauryas and Kushans ruled Kashmir. According to famous historian Kalhan's book Rajtarangini, Emperor Ashoka was the main ruler of Kashmir and it was he who founded the city of Srinagar. Buddhism spread in Srinagar during the reign of Emperor Ashoka. However, it is also believed that the old name of Kashmir was Satseer which means full of water. Sage Kashyap took it out and after him it was named Kashmir. The fourth Buddhist council took place during the time of King Kanishka of Kashmir. After this, Mihirpur dynasty ruled Kashmir for some time, after which Sevaya philosophy developed in Kashmir. Gradually, as Buddhism weakened, Hinduism spread. And Kashmir became the center of Sanskrit scholars.
Durlabh Vardhan ruled Kashmir in the 7th century. According to Kalhan's book Rajtarangini, its most powerful king was Lalit Aditya. Who had conquered from Tibet to Arabia. After that the Lohar dynasty established its glory. Hindus ruled Kashmir till the 12th century. Muslims came under rule in Kashmir in 1339. Shah Mir Shamshuddin ruled Kashmir, after this Zainul Shah Abedin, who was also known as Akbar of Kashmir, ruled Kashmir. He gave equal respect to all religions due to which most of the Kashmir valley became Muslims.
Mughal rule came to Kashmir during the reign of Akbar in 1586 and Kashmir remained a part of Mughal rule for a long time. Mughal rule weakened in 1772. After that Ahmed Shah Abdali conquered Kashmir. And after that Kashmir was ruled by Afghans till 1819. In 1820, Kashmir was ruled by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. However, under the Lahore Agreement of 1840, the then Governor General of India, Lord Hardin, gave the rights of the hill states surrounding the Kashmir state to Raja Gulab Singh. Apart from this, they were sold to the Kashmiri states belonging to the Panchach Empire of the Sikhs. At that time, Gulab Singh's kingdom extended to Ladakh and Baluchistan. Raja Gulab Singh died in 1857. And after that his son Maharaj Amar Singh became the ruler of Kashmir. After Amar Singh, Pratap Singh became the ruler and after him Hari Singh became the king of Kashmir in 1925. Thus, at the time of independence, Kashmir was ruled by the Dogra dynasty. And on 26 October 1947, Kashmir was merged into India.
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Jammu And Kashmir History |
Maharaja Hari Singh:-
Raja Hari Singh was the king of Dogra dynasty. The first king of Dogra dynasty was Gulab Singh and his grandson was Raja Hari Singh, who was born on 21 September 1895 in Amar Palace, Jammu. Hari Singh's father was Maharaj Amar Singh. Hari Singh assumed the throne of Jammu and Kashmir on 23 September 1925. Raja Hari Singh had four marriages in his life. Senior Congress leader and writer Karan Singh Raja is the son of Hari Singh. At the age of 13, Raja Hari Singh went to study at Mayo College in Ajmer and his father died the next year. After this his uncle Pratap Singh was made the king of Jammu and Kashmir. At the age of 20, Raja Hari Singh was elected the commander of Jammu and Kashmir and Raja Hari Singh took the reins of Jammu and Kashmir in 1925. Raja Hari Singh was a king of the modern era with new thinking. After ascending the throne, Raja Hari Singh ended traditions like prostitution, child marriage and illiteracy. Raja Hari Singh made primary education compulsory in the state. It was a huge step for the time which Raja Hari Singh took to provide education to his princely state.
Raja Hari Singh opened the doors of all the temples for Dalit Hindu people and this decision was taken by Raja Hari Singh in 1929. Raja Hari Singh abolished Vaishyavarti and caste system and did many social reform works. These was against Muslim League and its communal thinking. During the Second World War, he was also a member of the Imperial War Cabinet 1944-1946. On 26 October 1947, Raja Hari Singh merged Jammu and Kashmir into India on the basis of the constitutional Instrument of Accession. Maharaja Hari Singh had written in the merger letter on the basis on which the remaining princely states were merged into India, that changes would not be made through any amendment to the Indian Act 1947 unless I myself was ready for this change. Raja Hari Singh had clearly said that the Instrument of Accession will not be broken under any circumstances unless I am ready to change it and only Maharaja Hari Singh will have this right.
You talk about Pakistan's thinking, what did Pakistan always think about Kashmir? Pakistan always wanted that Jammu and Kashmir should not become a part of India but should become a part of Pakistan. Pakistan was making every possible effort for this but Raja Hari Singh was not at all ready to go with Pakistan. Angered by this, Pakistan attacked Kashmir on 22 October 1947 and started killing. Troubled by this massacre, Raja Hari Singh spoke to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on 24 October 1947. Before that, Raja Hari Singh did not want to merge his kingdom with any country, be it Pakistan or India, that is, he neither wanted to include Jammu and Kashmir in Pakistan nor did he want to merge his kingdom in India. Wanted to keep.
But being troubled by Pakistan's attack, he decided to come with India. Asked for help from Pandit Nehru and Sardar Patel. So Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru promised help with the condition that Kashmir would have to join India and Kashmir joined India. Articles 370 and 35A were included in the Instrument of Accession of Raja Hari Singh itself. Which the Indian Government has now completely abolished. Maharaja Hari Singh spent the last moments of his life in Hari Niwas of Jammu. Raja Hari Singh died on 26 April 1961 in Mumbai. As per his wish, his burnt ashes were brought to Jammu and thrown into the Ravi river.
Conclusion:- I hope friends, you would be happy to know completely about the history of Jammu and Kashmir. If you liked this article then do share it with your family and friends. And if there is any error in it, please let us know by commenting.
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